很多有减肥需求的朋友,对司美格鲁肽一定不会陌生,这种药物不但可以用于治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病,对于肥胖人群减重也非常有效。早在2021年该药物就在美国获批了用于非糖尿病成年人减肥的适应症。2024年的6月25日,以改善成年人肥胖/超重的“减肥版”司美格鲁肽,也获得了中国国家药监局的批准。
目前,GLP-1R激动剂在研究领域已逐渐呈现出“饱和”趋势。随着研究的不断深入,其局限性也逐渐显现,例如耐受性较差、肌肉显著流失,以及停药后患者体重迅速反弹等。因此,全球多家新药研发机构正在积极探索新的治疗靶点。在此背景下,许多小核酸药企已开始将目光投向INHBE抑制疗法。
2024年12月23日,Arrowhead宣布,已完成ARO-INHBE的1/2a期临床试验中的首批受试者给药。ARO-INHBE是该公司的在研RNA干扰(RNAi)疗法,正在开发用于治疗肥胖症。
INHBE概述
INHBE基因编码的是抑制素亚基βE(Inhibin Subunit Beta E),是TGF-β(转化生长因子-β)蛋白质超家族的成员,主要在肝脏中表达。其肝脏表达水平与人类的胰岛素抵抗和体重指数正相关。INHBE蛋白的罕见预测功能缺失(pLOF)突变患者腹部脂肪明显减少,代谢状况良好,且罹患心血管疾病和Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险显著降低。

Fig.1 Gene-level associations with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI[1]

Fig.2 Protein-truncating variants in INHBE associated with favorable fat distribution[2]
靶向INHBE药物研发现状
INHBE的出现吸引了多家RNAi领先企业布局,如Arrowhead、Wave Life Sciences等。药渡检索结果显示,目前INHBE靶点在研药物共3个,其中,Arrowhead已成开启ARO-INHBE的一期临床试验。与GLP-1R这一热门靶点相比,INHBE靶点的竞争程度相对温和,有着巨大的市场潜力。

南模生物长期致力于药物靶点人源化模型研究领域,自主研发了hINHBE小鼠模型(目录号:NM-HU-233512),该模型利用同源重组,将小鼠INHBE基因进行人源化修饰。这将有助于加速靶向人源INHBE基因的RNAi疗法进入临床阶段,相关验证数据如下:

Fig.1 Detection of INHBE expression in liver by RT-PCR.
Wild type: only one band at 192 bp with primers F1/R1 (mInhbe);
Homozygous: only one band at 217 bp with primers F2/R2 (hINHBE).
Abbr. M, DNA marker; HO, homozygous; WT, wild type.

Fig.2 Detection of human INHBE expression in liver in hINHBE knockin mice by WB.
Abbr. M, marker; WT, wild type; HO, homozygous; PC, positive control, Hep G2 cells.
Note. The anti-human INHBE Antibody cross-reacted with mouse INHBE and humanized INHBE. Arrow indicates expected molecular weight and asterisk indicates a nonspecific band.

Fig.3 Detection of hINHBE expression in serum by ELISA (n=3).
Note. The human INHBE Elisa kit cross-reacted with mouse INHBE and humanized INHBE.

Fig.4 Body weight and body weight change of hINHBE mice (n=9 of G1/G3, n=5 of G2).

Fig.5 Detection of INHBE expression in serum by ELISA at different days point posting dosing. hINHBE mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were treated with test article(from a collaborator). Serum was collected to detect the expression level of human INHBE by ELISA. Mean ± SEM. t-test, *p < 0.05.
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参考文献:
[1]Deaton AM, Dubey A, Ward LD, et al. Rare loss of function variants in the hepatokine gene INHBE protect from abdominal obesity. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):4319. Published 2022 Jul 27. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31757-8
[2]Akbari P, Sosina OA, Bovijn J, et al. Multiancestry exome sequencing reveals INHBE mutations associated with favorable fat distribution and protection from diabetes. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):4844. Published 2022 Aug 23. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32398-7
[3] Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide i